
variable = 12  # Integer
print(variable)

12


variable = "dodici"  # String
variable2 = 'tredici'  # Another string
print(variable)

dodici


alfa, beta = 12, 3  # Fancy way to declare
theta = alfa + beta  # a third variable containing the sum of the other two
print(theta)

15


def greet(what):
    def decorator(foo):
        def hello():
            print(what, end=", ")
            foo()
        return hello
    return decorator

@greet("hello")
def hello_world():
    print("world")

hello_world()

hello, world


class Class_hello:
    def __init__(self, who):
        self.who = who

    def hello(self):
        print(f"hello, {self.who}")
        
clss = Class_hello("world")
clss.hello()

hello, world


print("Hello, world!")

Hello, world!

int x;
x = 2.5;


x = 12
print(x)
x = "a string"
print(x)

12
a string


## Order of operations
x = 10
y = 5

print((x % y) + 1**2 / 2)  ## What is the result?

0.5


basket = 14
print(f"🍎 The basket contains {basket} apples.")
added_apples = 6
basket += added_apples   # basket = basket + added_apples
print(f"🍎 {added_apples} apples were added, for a total of {basket} apples.")

print(f"🍎 Sharing them with 3 people would leave {basket % 3} apples in the basket")

🍎 The basket contains 14 apples.
🍎 6 apples were added, for a total of 20 apples.
🍎 Sharing them with 3 people would leave 2 apples in the basket


print(True != False)  #True
print(not True)  #False
print(1 == True)  #True
print(0 == False)  #True
print(1 > 1.1)  #False
print(2 <= 2)  #True
print(True and not False)  #True
print(True or False)  #True

True
False
True
True
False
True
True
True


basket = 10

if basket == 10:
    print("[*] The basket contains 10 apples")
elif basket > 10:
    print("[*] The basket contains more than 10 apples")
else:
    print("[*] The basket contains less than 10 apples")

[*] The basket contains 10 apples


basket = 0

if basket == 0:
    print("[*] The basket is empty")
else:
    print("[*] The basket contains something")

[*] The basket is empty

while expression_is_true:
    # Do something

for some_index in this_sequence:
    # Do something


basket = 4
while basket > 0:
    basket = basket - 1
    print(f"Gnam, we now have {basket} 🍏")
print("\nNo more apples :(")

Gnam, we now have 3 🍏
Gnam, we now have 2 🍏
Gnam, we now have 1 🍏
Gnam, we now have 0 🍏

No more apples :(


# Multiplication table
i, base = 1, 9
while i <= 10:
    print(f"{base} * {i} = {i*base}")
    i += 1

9 * 1 = 9
9 * 2 = 18
9 * 3 = 27
9 * 4 = 36
9 * 5 = 45
9 * 6 = 54
9 * 7 = 63
9 * 8 = 72
9 * 9 = 81
9 * 10 = 90


for value in ["apples", "bananas", "pears", "turkeys"]:
    print(value)

apples
bananas
pears
turkeys


for i in range(5):
    print(f"{i} {'🍎' * i}")

0 
1 🍎
2 🍎🍎
3 🍎🍎🍎
4 🍎🍎🍎🍎


for value in ["😀","😁","😂","🤬","🤣","😃"]:
    print(value, end=" ")
    if value == "🤬":
        print("Error")
        break
    print("Happy")

😀 Happy
😁 Happy
😂 Happy
🤬 Error


for value in ["😀","😁","😂","🤬","🤣","😃"]:
    print(value, end=" ")
    if value == "🤬":
        continue
        print("Error")
    print("Happy")

😀 Happy
😁 Happy
😂 Happy
🤬 🤣 Happy
😃 Happy

def name_of_function():
    some_variable = "an instruction"
    some_other_variable = "another instruction"
    a_third_instruction()
    # and so on....

name_of_function()


def say_hello():
    print("Hello, world!")

say_hello()
say_hello()

Hello, world!
Hello, world!


def add_10(number):
    number += 10
    print(number)
    
add_10(2)
add_10(1)

12
11


def add_10(number):
    number += 10
    return number

base = 15
result = add_10(base)

print(f"I had {base}, now I have {result}")
print(f"Look mom! Without auxiliary variables: {add_10(base)}")

I had 15, now I have 25
Look mom! Without auxiliary variables: 25


def add_10(number=0):
    number += 10
    print(number)
    
add_10(2)
add_10(1)
add_10()

12
11
10


### Rewritten the previous while example as a function
def tables(x, length=10, show_title=False):
    if show_title:
        print(f"Multiplication Table of {x}")

    for i in range(length):
        print(f"{x} x {i+1} = {x * (i+1)}")
        i += 1


tables(2, 4)
print()
tables(8, show_title=True, length=3)

2 x 1 = 2
2 x 2 = 4
2 x 3 = 6
2 x 4 = 8

Multiplication Table of 8
8 x 1 = 8
8 x 2 = 16
8 x 3 = 24


x = "abercrombie"  #Global 🌍

def fun1():
    print(f"fun1: x = {x}")

def fun2():
    x = "2️"
    print(f"fun2: x = {x}")
    
def fun3():
    global x
    x = "3️"
    print(f"fun3: x = {x}")


print(f"🌍: x = {x}")
fun1()
fun2()
print(f"🌍: x = {x}")

fun3()
fun1()
fun2()
print(f"🌍: x = {x}")

🌍: x = abercrombie
fun1: x = abercrombie
fun2: x = 2️
🌍: x = abercrombie
fun3: x = 3️
fun1: x = 3️
fun2: x = 2️
🌍: x = 3️

list_name = ["first item", "second item", ...]

tuple_name = (item, item, ...)
tuple_name = (item, )  # If a tuple only has 1 item


# Function definition
def print_sequence(seq):
    for i in seq:
        print(i)
        
def modify_sequence(seq):
    seq[0] = "[*!!!*]"
    print_sequence(seq)
        
# Structures
lst = ["dog", "cat", "eleven", 13]
tpl = ("dog", "cat", "eleven", 13)

# Execute functions with structures as parameters
print_sequence(lst)
print()
modify_sequence(lst)

dog
cat
eleven
13

[*!!!*]
cat
eleven
13

dict_name = {key : value,  key : value,...}


dct =  {1: "cane", 2: "gatto", 3: "alpaca"}
dct2 = {"alfabeto": "alpaca", "cane": 1}


# A more pragmatic one...

def return_person_list():
    lst = []
    lst.append("Mario")
    lst.append("Rossi")
    lst.append(27)
    return lst

def return_person_dict():
    d = {}
    d["firstname"] = "Mario"
    d["lastname"]  = "Rossi"
    d["age"] =  27
    return d

print(return_person_list())
print(return_person_dict())

['Mario', 'Rossi', 27]
{'firstname': 'Mario', 'lastname': 'Rossi', 'age': 27}


name = input("Whats your name?")
print("Hello, world with inputs --> Hello, {}!".format(name))

Whats your name?Mirko
Hello, world with inputs --> Hello, Mirko!


print("Simple Addition:")
add1 = int(input("First term: "))
add2 = int(input("Second term: "))
print(f"{add1} + {add2} = {add1 + add2}") # with f-strings!

# or
print("{} + {} = {}".format(add1, add2, add1 + add2))

Simple Addition:
First term: 2
Second term: 3
2 + 3 = 5
2 + 3 = 5


# test.py
def hello_world():
    print("Hello world!")

def add_10(n):
    return n + 10

print("Module loaded successfully")

Module loaded successfully


# test2.py
import test

test.hello_world()
n = test.add_10(5)
print(n)


import test as ts


from test import hello_world
hello_world()
# Note that here we didn't need begin with test.


# Let's say that test.py is under "libs/utils/"
# So libs/utils/test.py
import libs.utils.test

# or
from lib.utils import test

Name	Exampl
Integer	11
Float	2.3
Boolean	True/False
String	"apple"
......	....

Operator	Name	Example
/	Division	5 / 2 ⇒ 2.5
//	Floor Divis	5 // 2 ⇒ 2
%	Modulo	5 % 2 ⇒ 1
*	Multiplic.	2 * 3 ⇒ 6
+	Sum	2 + 2 ⇒ 4
-	Subtraction	3 - 2 ⇒ 1
**	Power	2 ** 3 ⇒ 8

Python course 2022

Introduction to Python

Why use Python¶

What we will talk about¶

What you will need in order to use Python¶

Let's start!¶

Easy to use.. and VERSATILE¶

In Python there are many ways to do the same thing¶

The complicated way¶

The modular one¶

The simple one¶

How do I start coding in Python?¶

The language¶

Variables¶

"Storing Values in Variables"¶

Types/Operators¶

A program using the things we just demonstrated¶

Control-Flow¶

Logical expressions¶

Conditional execution¶

Execution by Iteration¶

Break & Continue¶

Functions¶

Scope, or code visibility¶

Data Structures¶

Sequences¶

List -- mutable sequences¶

Sequences¶

Tuple -- immutable sequences¶

Dictionaries -- key/value pairs¶

Other data types...¶

I/O -- or Input/Output¶

Modules¶

Thank you!